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一、前言:

二氧化碳是一種非常寶貴的碳資源，可以被廣泛用于多種領(lǐng)域。啤酒飲料灌裝、果品蔬菜保鮮、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、化學(xué)合成工業(yè)、機(jī)械保護(hù)焊接、金屬鑄造加工、農(nóng)業(yè)施肥、石油開采、消防滅火等行業(yè)全都需要二氧化碳。二氧化碳的氣體來源又非常豐富：糧食發(fā)酵造酒，有機(jī)化工廠的制氫、乙二醇生產(chǎn)，無機(jī)化工廠的變換氣、合成氨生產(chǎn)，鈣、鎂等礦石分解，硼礦粉碳解，油田伴生氣，燃燒煤或重油的煙道氣等等都含有一定量的二氧化碳。如果大量的CO2都排放到大氣中，這樣既造成了嚴(yán)重的大氣污染，形成可怕的溫室效應(yīng)，又浪費(fèi)了寶貴的碳資源。

1、 Preface:

Carbon dioxide is a very valuable carbon resource that can be widely used in various fields. Industries such as beer and beverage filling, fruit and vegetable preservation, medicine and health, chemical synthesis industry, mechanical protection welding, metal casting and processing, agricultural fertilization, oil extraction, fire extinguishing, etc. all require carbon dioxide. The sources of carbon dioxide gas are also very abundant: grain fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and ethylene glycol production in organic chemical plants, transformation gas and synthetic ammonia production in inorganic chemical plants, decomposition of minerals such as calcium and magnesium, carbonization of boron ore powder, associated gas in oil fields, flue gas from burning coal or heavy oil, etc. all contain a certain amount of carbon dioxide. If a large amount of CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere, it will not only cause serious air pollution and create a terrible greenhouse effect, but also waste valuable carbon resources.

二、二氧化碳的來源:

二氧化碳的來源非常廣泛，歸納起來主要有如下幾類：

1、發(fā)酵過程：在白酒、啤酒等發(fā)酵法生產(chǎn)酒精的過程中，總伴生大量二氧化碳?xì)?，含量都?5~98%之間，這是比較好的二氧化碳?xì)庠础?/p>

2、二氧化碳?xì)馓铮涸谑秃吞烊粴忾_采過程中，經(jīng)常可以開采出混合油田氣，其中二氧化碳?xì)怏w含量15%~99%，近年來在國(guó)內(nèi)油田都發(fā)現(xiàn)了含量96%以上的二氧化碳?xì)馓铩?/p>

3、煉油廠的制氫生產(chǎn)過程：煉油廠或其他有機(jī)化工廠都需要?dú)錃?，這些氫氣是通過甲烷氣與水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化而來：CH4＋H2O→CO＋H2，此過程中生成的一氧化碳與水蒸氣進(jìn)一步反應(yīng)生成二氧化碳和氫氣：CO＋H2O→CO2＋H2，兩個(gè)反應(yīng)中生成的氫氣被加氫過程利用，而二氧化碳含量大約為12.5%，則必須連續(xù)脫除才能保持反應(yīng)的平衡和生產(chǎn)過程的連續(xù)，所以該過程副產(chǎn)二氧化碳。

4、化肥廠制氫生產(chǎn)過程：化肥廠合成氨過程需要?dú)錃猓?H2＋N2→2NH3，這些氫氣是通過煤與水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化而來：C＋H2O→CO＋H2，此過程中生成的一氧化碳與水蒸氣進(jìn)一步反應(yīng)生成二氧化碳和氫氣：CO＋H2O→CO2＋H2，兩個(gè)反應(yīng)中生成的氫氣在合成氨、合成甲醇過程中利用，而二氧化碳含量大約為11.8%，則必須通過富集方法連續(xù)脫除，才能保持反應(yīng)的平衡和生產(chǎn)過程的連續(xù)，所以該過程副產(chǎn)二氧化碳。

5、礦石分解過程：煉鋼、涂料、純堿等生產(chǎn)過程需要氧化鈣，一般由石灰石加熱分解而來：CaCO3→CaO＋CO2；鎂砂、耐火磚生產(chǎn)過程需要氧化鎂，一般由鎂礦石加熱分解而來：MgCO3→MgO＋CO2。這兩個(gè)過程基本相似，副產(chǎn)的二氧化碳濃度都在25~32%之間。

6、礦井氣、煙道氣：燃燒煤、重油、植物等含碳物質(zhì)的煙道氣中含二氧化碳，一般為10~12%；采煤的礦井氣中含二氧化碳8%左右，這是最低濃度的二氧化碳?xì)庠础?/p>

7、其他過程：氧化法生產(chǎn)環(huán)氧乙烷、合成醋酸乙烯、生產(chǎn)硼砂等化工反應(yīng)過程中也副產(chǎn)二氧化碳，含量在12~90%之間不等。

2、 Sources of carbon dioxide:

The sources of carbon dioxide are very diverse, and can be summarized into the following categories:

1. Fermentation process: in the process of alcohol production by fermentation methods such as Baijiu and beer, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is generated, with the content between 95% and 98%, which is a good source of carbon dioxide gas.

2. Carbon dioxide gas field: In the process of oil and gas extraction, mixed oil field gas can often be extracted, with a carbon dioxide gas content of 15%~99%. In recent years, carbon dioxide gas fields with a content of over 96% have been discovered in domestic oil fields.

3. The hydrogen production process in refineries: Refineries or other organic chemical plants require hydrogen gas, which is obtained through the conversion of methane gas and water vapor: CH4+H2O → CO+H2. The carbon monoxide generated in this process further reacts with water vapor to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas: CO+H2O → CO2+H2. The hydrogen gas generated in the two reactions is utilized in the hydrogenation process, and the carbon dioxide content is about 12.5%, which must be continuously removed to maintain the balance of the reaction and the continuity of the production process. Therefore, carbon dioxide is a byproduct of this process.

4. The hydrogen production process in fertilizer plants: The synthesis of ammonia in fertilizer plants requires hydrogen gas, 3H2+N2 → 2NH3, which is obtained through the conversion of coal and steam: C+H2O → CO+H2. The carbon monoxide generated in this process further reacts with steam to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas: CO+H2O → CO2+H2. The hydrogen gas generated in the two reactions is utilized in the synthesis of ammonia and methanol, and the carbon dioxide content is about 11.8%, which must be continuously removed through enrichment methods to maintain the balance of the reaction and the continuity of the production process. Therefore, carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct in this process.

5. The process of ore decomposition: production processes such as steelmaking, coatings, and soda ash require calcium oxide, which is generally decomposed by heating limestone: CaCO3 → CaO+CO2; The production process of magnesia and refractory bricks requires magnesium oxide, which is generally obtained by heating and decomposing magnesium ore: MgCO3 → MgO+CO2. These two processes are basically similar, with the concentration of by-product carbon dioxide ranging from 25% to 32%.

6. Mine gas and flue gas: The flue gas from burning carbon containing substances such as coal, heavy oil, and plants contains carbon dioxide, generally ranging from 10% to 12%; The coal mine gas contains about 8% carbon dioxide, which is the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide gas source.

7. Other processes include the production of ethylene oxide by oxidation, synthesis of vinyl acetate, and production of borax, among other chemical reactions, which also produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct, with concentrations ranging from 12% to 90%.

三、二氧化碳的用途:

在下列行業(yè)中應(yīng)用： 

（1）食品業(yè)： 飲料廠、啤酒廠、食品保鮮、航空食品等

（2）工業(yè)： 焊接、鑄造、化學(xué)工業(yè)等

（3）農(nóng)業(yè)： 大棚蔬菜、糧食貯存、農(nóng)業(yè)氣肥等

（4）煙草業(yè)： 二氧化碳煙絲膨脹

（5）醫(yī)藥業(yè)： 藥品生產(chǎn)

（6）其他 ： 油田開采、消防、染料、香料萃取、油脂萃取等

3、 The use of carbon dioxide:

Applied in the following industries:

(1) Food industry: beverage factories, breweries, food preservation, aviation food, etc

(2) Industry: Welding, Casting, Chemical Industry, etc

(3) Agriculture: greenhouse vegetables, grain storage, agricultural gas fertilizer, etc

(4) Tobacco industry: CO2 tobacco expansion

(5) Pharmaceutical industry: drug production

(6) Other: oilfield extraction, firefighting, dyes, spice extraction, oil extraction, etc

四、運(yùn)用：

二氧化碳裝置主要適用于啤酒廠、酒精廠以及天然CO?氣井等行業(yè)發(fā)酵過程中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳，將其純化、液化、灌裝和制干冰，以供使用。該裝置運(yùn)行可靠、回收的二氧化碳純度高。

4、 Application:

The carbon dioxide device is mainly suitable for purifying, liquefying, filling, and making dry ice from the carbon dioxide generated during the fermentation process in industries such as breweries, alcohol plants, and natural CO ? gas wells for use. The device operates reliably and recovers high purity carbon dioxide.

五、特點(diǎn)：

本二氧化碳回收裝置是在吸引國(guó)外同類裝置技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國(guó)機(jī)電工業(yè)的新發(fā)展和發(fā)酵工藝的特點(diǎn)而設(shè)計(jì)的，達(dá)到國(guó)際同類產(chǎn)品水平。回收壓力設(shè)計(jì)合理，采取多方法、多單元凈化措施，處理后二氧化碳純度高，達(dá)到GD1917-80《食品添加劑液體二氧化碳》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

本二氧化碳回收裝置的自動(dòng)化控制采用西門子的PLC控制，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的程序、連鎖、安全保護(hù)等控制考慮得周全且可靠性好。進(jìn)氣純度不達(dá)標(biāo)自動(dòng)排空，吸附塔。干燥塔再生閥門自動(dòng)切換，再生溫度自動(dòng)控制，冷卻水循環(huán)自動(dòng)控制，儲(chǔ)罐超壓自動(dòng)報(bào)警并排空，儲(chǔ)罐滿液位自動(dòng)停機(jī)，并附有二氧化碳提純裝置選項(xiàng)，與氣態(tài)二氧化碳接觸部位均采用不銹鋼材質(zhì)。發(fā)酵氣經(jīng)收集往不銹鋼除沫器、水洗塔、初步除掉雜質(zhì)，進(jìn)入CO?儲(chǔ)氣囊，再由無油潤(rùn)滑壓縮機(jī)將壓力提高到2.0MPa,經(jīng)吸附塔、干燥塔除去殘余雜質(zhì)，得到純度達(dá)到99.9%露點(diǎn)低于-60度的純凈CO?氣體，送入CO?冷凝器，將其變成液態(tài)，溫度在-20度左右，液態(tài)CO?在高位差下流入隔熱的液態(tài)CO?儲(chǔ)罐中，根據(jù)需要液態(tài)CO?灌入鋼瓶或直接凈化輸出使用。

5、 Characteristics:

This carbon dioxide recovery device is designed based on the attraction of similar foreign device technologies, combined with the new development of China's electromechanical industry and the characteristics of fermentation processes, reaching the international level of similar products. The pressure recovery design is reasonable, and multiple methods and units of purification measures are adopted. After treatment, the purity of carbon dioxide is high, reaching the standard of GD1917-80 "Food Additive Liquid Carbon Dioxide".

The automation control of this carbon dioxide recovery device adopts Siemens PLC control, and the program, interlocking, safety protection and other controls of each link are fully considered and reliable. If the purity of the intake does not meet the standard, it will be automatically emptied and the adsorption tower will be activated. The regeneration valve of the drying tower is automatically switched, the regeneration temperature is automatically controlled, the cooling water circulation is automatically controlled, the storage tank overpressure is automatically alarmed and emptied, the storage tank is automatically shut down when the liquid level is full, and it is equipped with a carbon dioxide purification device option. The parts in contact with gaseous carbon dioxide are all made of stainless steel material. The fermentation gas is collected and sent to a stainless steel demister, a water washing tower, and a preliminary removal of impurities. It then enters a CO ? storage bag and is pressurized to 2.0 MPa by an oil-free lubrication compressor. The residual impurities are removed by an adsorption tower and a drying tower, resulting in a pure CO ? gas with a purity of 99.9% and a dew point below -60 degrees Celsius. The gas is then sent to a CO ? condenser and transformed into a liquid state at a temperature of around -20 degrees Celsius. The liquid CO ? flows into an insulated liquid CO ? storage tank at a high temperature difference and can be injected into steel cylinders or directly purified for use as needed.

發(fā)酵氣經(jīng)收集往不銹鋼除沫器、水洗塔、初步除掉雜質(zhì)，進(jìn)入CO?儲(chǔ)氣囊，再由無油潤(rùn)滑壓縮機(jī)將壓力提高到2.0MPa,經(jīng)吸附塔、干燥塔除去殘余雜質(zhì)，得到純度達(dá)到99.9%露點(diǎn)低于-60度的純凈co2氣體，送入CO?冷凝器，將其變成液態(tài)，溫度在-20度左右，液態(tài)CO?在高位差下流入隔熱的液態(tài)CO?儲(chǔ)罐中，根據(jù)需要液態(tài)CO?灌入鋼瓶或直接凈化輸出使用。

The fermentation gas is collected and sent to a stainless steel demister, a water washing tower, and initially removed of impurities. It then enters a CO ? storage bag and is pressurized to 2.0 MPa by an oil-free lubrication compressor. After removing residual impurities through adsorption and drying towers, pure CO2 gas with a purity of 99.9% and a dew point below -60 degrees is obtained. It is then sent to a CO ? condenser and transformed into a liquid state at a temperature of around -20 degrees Celsius. The liquid CO ? flows into an insulated liquid CO ? storage tank at a high temperature difference and can be injected into steel cylinders or directly purified for output use as needed.